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Virtual Reality in Orthodontics
Dr Michael Snow BDSc(Hons) MDSc
(Melb) LDS(Vic)
Orthodontist, Melbourne, Australia
Jeremy A Graham
BEng(Elect) MIEA MIEE, Adelaide, Australia
W J Alan Yates
B.E, P.Eng
Adelaide, Australia
Medical Informatics and the fully 'customisable' options of Interactive 3D visualisation (Virtual Reality) combined to the power of contemporary desktop computer technology - now allows - the dental specialist discipline of Orthodontics to establish an International standard for Orthodontic therapeutics for every individual Orthodontist and patient.
Advances in this computer assisted 'Information Technology' have been merged with prior invention, but importantly, our innovations supplement and support the wider and specifically, appropriate library of skill and knowledge in medical and dental science.
The new science, technology, communication, education, applications software and implementation of Virtual Reality' will most certainly facilitate the specialised and routine care of all Orthodontic patients.
The parameters for the routine, correct and accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of Orthodontics for the individual patient can now use visual, audio, all behaviours and haptics of the 'virtual' toolkit; in order to expand the precision of routine clinical diagnostics & dental treatment planning: alongside the secular decisions for the cost effectiveness for appropriate means of Specialist delivery of Orthodontic Health Care.
As a direct consequence of the use of VR computer technologies; the Orthodontist can now specifically, solely and expertly direct the computer integrated manufacture of Orthodontic appliance inventory and prescription on an individual, optimal, exact and most accurate, patient specific basis.
DentalByte® based on prior novel and patented technology allows the 'inhouse' digital rendering and manipulation of accurate representations of the dental occlusion; prior to, during and after dental treatment by any qualified Dental practitioner.
Most importantly, dental clinicians or other end-users are not required to have vast experience with computer platforms to fully utilise this system.
DentalByte ® presumes no initial computer literacy, whereby all patient record digitisations through routine use of this software can be customised for the 'inhouse' office system; but can also direct the small to medium size dental laboratory and large manufacturing plant from the clinician's desktop.
DentalByte® uses any and, or all actual or real patient records, which are accurately rendered in digital form and results in visualising any simulated patient through an Interactive desktop computer.
The choice of open systems software & 'converging' hardware is dependent only on the preference of the Practitioner.
Accurate digital rendering of any individual patient's case records easily allows a practitioner to expertly interpret the accurate simulations of any 'digitised' 2D and 3D patient respective of the biologically correct and pertinent 'shortened-time' interactions of any Orthodontic treatment.
No changes to routine record taking in the Orthodontic clinic are required in using DentalByte® and moreover; for the first time, tooth morphology, dental hard and soft tissue colourations, skeletal perspectives and exact teeth positions, jaw postures and functions, sound, pressure and motion recordings of jaw joints or dental occlusal contacts, all Teleradiology & medical recordings; can be accurately correlated to any replicas of a patient's dental occlusion (as can or would be appropriately recorded and articulated).
The *2D-3D digital patient* is then manipulated in a fully correct - but otherwise fully simulated biologic environment applicable: prior to, during and, or afterthe appropriate Orthodontic treatment.
Any and all computer rendered, but quite specific, accurate 'digital' patient structure and real-life jaw & teeth development and jaw functions; can be purposely manipulated and interpolated in this 'Virtual' four dimensions on a 'low-end' or 'high performance' computer desktop platform as desired.
With DentalByte ® all spatial and temporal parameters of the rendered datasets directly correlate to the projected and expected biologic and treatment movement of the teeth and jaws providing the necessary interactive visualisations of accurate measurements and digital renderings; furthermore, providing the only means for interactive animations and behaviours of dental occlusal contact sounds [gnathosonics] as can also be matched to teeth-jaw-occlusal pressures.
This particular capability of DentalByte® gives excellent and exact reproduction, or, simulations of the full range of options for understanding jaw kinetics & dynamics involved with implementation and followup of specialist Orthodontic treatment.
DentalByte ® can be individually customised to assist in the screening, diagnosis and haptic/biofeedback treatment of some crytopathologies; such as might occur in temporomandibular joint diseases or dysfunctions in any Orthodontic patient.
Selected references
1. 'Apparatus & Method for calibrating Optimal Dental Occlusion & determining Individual Orthodontic Prescription'. Snow MD., US patent letters, July 2, 1991.
2. Telemedicine in Australia - a discussion paper. Crowe BL., Australian Institute for Health and Welfare, 1993.
3. 'Practical applications of the digital conversion and computer image processing/morphometric analysis of plain radiographic films'. Snow MD, Munandar S, Mew-Sum T, Coombs M & Crowe BL., Proc. 3rd symposium of Digital Radiology, Holland, Oct, 1994.
4. An "Expert Assistant" for Chest Xrays based on anatomical models. Wilson LS, Brown MS, Talhami HE, Gill RW, Sum C & Doust BD., Computer Assisted Radiology Meeting, Berlin, Germany, 1995.
5. Virtual Reality in Medicine. Graham JA., Australian Journal of Otolaryngology, 5, 409-414, 1994.
6. Augmenting Reality in Rehabilitative Medicine. Greenleaf W., Artifical Intelligence in Medicine, Vol 6, 289-299, 1994
7. Medical Applications of Virtual Reality Technology. Greenleaf WJ, Chapter 71, CRC press, Inc, 1165-1179, 1995.
8. Surround-screen projection/based virtual reality: the design and implementation of the CAVE. Cruz-Neira C, Sandin DJ & Defanti TA., Proc Computer Graphics Siggraph, 135-142, 1993.
9. 'The Man who could taste shapes'. Cytowick A., 1994.
10. 'The Virtual Community in a computerised world'. Rheingold H, 1994.
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