Morphometry of goat’s lung
Mohammad Maqsud Alam, MS, Dept. of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A. S. M. Golam Kibria, Lecturer, Dept. of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Amir Hossan Shaikat, MS, Dept. of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Belal Hossain, MPH, American International University, Bangladesh.
Abstract
The study aims to determine the morphometry of goat lung. To this purpose about seven goat lungs were used and their parameters were analyzed. Results on fresh lungs as follows 450±100gm, right apical lobe 47±11 gm, right cardiac 83±10gm,right diaphragmatic 153±16gm, left apical 29±6gm, left cardiac 41±7gm, left diaphragmatic 160±21gm, length of trachea from larynx to apical lobe 16.5±2, from apical lobe to bifurcation 5.6 ± 1, number of cartilage was 52±6. Diameter of trachea, transverselly 1.38±0.2 cm, vertically 1.16±0.2 cm.
Introduction
The lungs are the principle respiratory organ containing bronchial tree and exchangeable pulmonary tissues, including lobes and lobules. These organs vary their morphological parameters among different species. Previous studies were done by Ewart (1889) in human, Neil and Gilmour (1949) in dog. Morphometric study of dog lungs was performed and compared to human lungs by Tonelli (1951). Goat is a small ruminant showing distinctive organization of respiratory organs compared to large ruminants. Several studies have been performed on morphometric characteristics of goat lungs. Flint J M (1906) studied sheep lungs in view of lung transplantation and reported that scent of donor, the size difficulties and the rejection are major problems in case of human lungs transplantation. Hare (1975) also recorded the detail anatomy of goat lungs. In Bangladesh morphometric study of goat lungs has not reported yet. The present study wants to fill this gap.
Materials and methods
The study was conducted at Anatomy Laboratory of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
Sample collection
Fresh lungs (7 pairs) of goats the same age groups were obtained from four local butchers of Chittagong, Bangladesh. One pair was used for establishing study model.
Cleaning of sample
Lungs were washed with clean tap water and blood and other debris were eliminated.
Weighing
The lungs were weighed with their larynx and Trachea-bronchial system by weighing balance. They were then washed and weighed again, after filling completely with tap water.
Cutting
The whole sample was cut into pieces to determine measure. During cutting special care was taken to overcome unwanted piecing.
Measurement
In this study we calculated the weight of fresh, water filled and emptied right and left lung, diameter of trachea, tracheal ring, diameter of right lung (apical lobe, accessory lobe, cardiac lobe, diaphragmatic lobe) left lung (apical lobe, cardiac lobe, diaphragmatic lobe).
Experiment Procedure
The weight in grams was measured with a scale in different condition of lungs like fresh lungs, water filled lungs, after water discharge etc. Lungs were cleaned from debris and blood with clean tape water. Operative measurements were then applied.
Results and discussion
This morphometric findings are reported in Table 1 and 2.
The present study recorded the following parameters of goats from Bangladesh show the following features: fresh weight 450±100gm, weight with water 1383±184 gm, weight after discharge 816±194 gm, right lung 336±37 gm, left lung 243±38 gm, right apical lobe 47±11 gm, right accessory 23±4 gm, right cardiac 83±10gm, right diaphragmatic 153±16gm, left apical 29±6gm, left cardiac 41±7gm, left diaphragmatic 160±21gm. But Kaptanoglu and colleagues (2007) the following features in sheep lung: empty 819 gm, water filled 4691 gm, discharged 2740 gm, tracheal lobe 160 gm, upper segment 105 gm, lower segment 55 gm, right lung 555 gm, upper lobe 75 gm, medial lobe 34 gm, lower lobe 445 gm, right bronchial system 715 gm, left lung 448 gm, upper lobe 113 gm, anterior segment 39 gm, lateral segment 74 gm, lower lobe 380 gm and right and left bronchial system 1211 gm.
Table 1- Morphological data of Goat Lungs
Criteria |
Weight (gm) |
Length (cm) |
Width (cm) |
Fresh weight |
450±100 |
|
|
Weight with water |
1383±184 |
|
|
Weight after discharge |
816±194 |
|
|
Right lung |
334±37 |
19.1±2 |
|
Left lung |
243±38 |
15.6±1 |
|
right apical |
47±11 |
8.8±2 |
5.5±1 |
Right accessory |
23±4 |
6.9±1 |
4±0.5 |
Right cardiac |
83±10 |
9.6±1 |
6.1±1.3 |
Right diaphragmatic |
153±16 |
15.25±1 |
9±1.3 |
Left apical |
29±6 |
6.9±1 |
4.25±0.2 |
Left cardiac |
41±7 |
10.8±2 |
3.5±0.6 |
Left diaphragmatic |
160±21 |
10.10±4 |
9±1.4 |
Larynx to apical lobe |
|
16.5±2 |
|
Apical lobe to bifurcation |
|
5.6±1 |
|
Table 2-Diameter of trachea
Transverse |
1.38±0.2 |
Vertical |
1.16±0.2 |
Length of trachea from larynx to apical lobe 16.5±2, from apical lobe to bifurcation 5.6 ± 1, right lung 19.1±2 cm, left lung 15.6±1 cm, right apical lobe 8.8± 2cm, right accessory 6.9±1 cm, right cardiac 9.6±1 cm, right diaphragmatic 15.25±1 cm, left apical 6.9±1 cm, left cardiac 10.8±2 cm, left diaphragmatic 10.10±4 cm. But Kaptanoglu et al. has found in sheep lung that lobes and segments in right lung 1.8 cm radius in right main part, 0.8cm radius and 1.4 cm distance of right upper part, 0.9 cm radius of right middle part, 0.9 cm radius and 1.5 cm distance of superior basal part, 0.8 cm radius and 2.8 cm distance in lateral basal part and 1.3 cm radius and 3.9 cm distance in common basal part and lobes and segments in left lung 1.6 cm radius in left main part, 10.7 cm radius of posterior basal part, 0.9 cm radius and 3.6 cm distance of anterior basal part, 0.9 cm radius and 4.4 cm distance in lateral basal part and 1.4 cm radius and 4.4 cm distance in common basal part.
In this study the number of cartilage was 52±6. Diameter of trachea, transversal 1.38±0.2 cm, vertically 1.16±0.2 cm. Width of right apical lobe 5.5±1 cm, right accessory 3.5±0.5 cm, Right cardiac 6.5±1.3 cm, Right diaphragmatic 9.0±1.3 cm, Left apical 4.0±0.2 cm, Left cardiac 3.0±0.6 cm, Left diaphragmatic 7.5±1.4 cm.
So, the finding of different parameter of sheep lung stated by Kaptanoglu and colleagues (2007) was higher than our findings. So further study is absolutely needed for making a concrete decision on goat lung.
Conclusion
This preliminary research should be considered a brief account on the morphometric study of goat lungs are to elucidate comprehensively the whole topic.
References
Ewart W. The Bronchi and Pulmonary blood vessels: their Anatomy and Nomenclature; with a criticism of professor Aeby’s Views on the bronchial tree of mammalian and of man. Irish Journal of Medical Sciences.1889; 18: 35-38
Flint JM. The Development of the Lungs. American Journal of Anatomy.1906; 6:1-65
Hare WCD. Ruminant Respiratory system. 1975. The Anatomy of the domestic animals by Robert Hare. 5th ed. WB Sauders Company, Philadelphia USA.1975; pp: 916-986
Kaptanoglu M, Katancioglu O, Nadir A, Cimen M and Gonlugur U. Tracheo-bronchial structure of sheep lung: A morphometric study. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2007; 77 (3): 241-244
Neil J H and Gilmour W. Broncho-pulmonary segments of the lung and their terminology. British MedicalJjournal. 1949; II: 309-311.
Tonelli l. Basi anatomiche per lo studio sperimentale della patologia segmentaria. Archivio di chirurgia del torace.1951;7: 117-158
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First Published January 2011
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